While Chola kings built their largest temples for Shiva and even while emperors like Rajaraja CholaI held titles like Sivapadasekharan, in none of their inscriptions did the Chola emperors proclaim that their clan only and solely followed Shaivism or that Shaivism was the state religion during their rule. [131] During the Chola period silk weaving attained a high degree and Kanchipuram became one of the main centres for silk. [106], The order of the King was first communicated by the executive officer to the local authorities. This work is in a sense a national epic of the Tamil people because it treats of the lives of the saints who lived in all parts of Tamil Nadu and belonged to all classes of society, men and women, high and low, educated and uneducated. In one such instance, the Chola king, Rajadhiraja Chola II, was able to defeat the Sinhalese, aided by their traditional ally, a confederation of five Pandya princes, and kept the control of Rajarata under Cholar rule. What can a girl with the nickname Troubles brings in? Through these dependent officials the administration was improved and the Chola kings were able to exercise a closer control over the different parts of the empire. They were not swayed by the rise of Buddhism and Jainism as were the kings of the Pallava and Pandya dynasties. This continued during the time of Rajaraja CholaIII the son and successor of Kulothunga CholaIII[78][83], The Hoysalas played a divisive role in the politics of the Tamil country during this period. Camila (Italian origin) means 'attendant'. [155], The Cholas excelled in foreign trade and maritime activity, extending their influence overseas to China and Southeast Asia. Niche- These are characteristic architectural designs of Chola temples carved in temple walls. It is speculated that he either fell in battle or was put to death along with his heirs during his encounter with Vijayanagara. There is not much information about the transition period of around three centuries from the end of the Sangam age (c.300) to that in which the Pandyas and Pallavas dominated the Tamil country. We recommend that these ideas are used as inspiration, that ideas are undertaken with appropriate adult supervision, and that each adult uses their own discretion and knowledge of their children to consider the safety and suitability. [2] Under Rajaraja I and his successors Rajendra I, Rajadhiraja I, Rajendra II, Virarajendra, and Kulothunga Chola I, the dynasty became a military, economic and cultural powerhouse in South Asia and Southeast Asia. So naturally, the Hoysalas found it convenient to have friendly relations with the Cholas from the time of Kulothunga CholaIII, who had defeated Hoysala Veera BallalaII, who had subsequent marital relations with the Chola monarch. It was serialised in the Tamil weekly Kumudam. [19] In Tamil lexicon Chola means Soazhi or Saei denoting a newly formed kingdom, in the lines of Pandya or the old country. It's quite a beautiful name. Besides the landowners, there were others dependent on agriculture. Rajendra Chola built a huge tank named Solagangam in his capital city Gangaikonda Solapuram and was described as the liquid pillar of victory. [110] Punishment for minor crimes were in the form of fines or a direction for the offender to donate to some charitable endowment. The Cholas built their temples in the traditional way . [184] The maturity and grandeur to which the Chola architecture had evolved found expression in the two temples of Thanjavur and Gangaikondacholapuram. The Cholas were the subject of the 2010 Tamil-language film Aayirathil Oruvan, and the 2022 film Ponniyin Selvan: I. The Chola dynasty was a Tamil thalassocratic empire of southern India and one of the longest-ruling dynasties in world history. Anouka - The one with the spirit of God 2. Chola dynasty was a Tamil dynasty that ruled over southern India & established their rule during late 9th century. This does not influence our choices. [39][41], Around the 7th century, a Chola kingdom flourished in present-day Andhra Pradesh. [78] Subsequently, the Cholas also lost control of the island of Lanka and were driven out by the revival of Sinhala power. Copperplate grants of the Pallava Buddhavarman (late 4th century) mention that the king as the "underwater fire that destroyed the ocean of the Chola army". It discusses all five branches of grammar and, according to Berthold Spuler, is still relevant today and is one of the most distinguished normative grammars of literary Tamil. [125] [88] At the close of Rajendra's reign, the Pandyan empire was at the height of prosperity and had taken the place of the Chola empire in the eyes of the foreign observers. [50] Through their leadership and vision, Chola kings expanded their territory and influence. It was the age in which the great Telugu poets Tikkana, Ketana, Marana and Somana enriched the literature with their contributions. The Hoysala's powerful neighbors were the Chola Dynasty and the Chalukya Dynasty and their kingdoms. Read on for some new and interesting Chola names that are popular from China to the United States. [192], The revival of Hinduism from its nadir during the Kalabhras spurred the construction of numerous temples and these in turn generated Shaiva and Vaishnava devotional literature. [220][221], During the period of the Later Cholas, there are alleged to have been instances of intolerance towards Vaishnavites[222] especially towards their acharya, Ramanuja. We strive to recommend the very best things that are suggested by our community and are things we would do ourselves - our aim is to be the trusted friend to parents. A new civilization emerges throughout this period of the timeline, and art reaches new heights. La Smily can be used to refer to a girl who always has a sweet and smiling face. They were also well known for their patronage to art. Thus, this period saw constant warfare between the Cholas and the Pandyas. "Chola" redirects here. [120] Particularly the famous Wootz steel, which has a long history in south India dating back to the period before the Christian era, seems also be used to produce weapons. It is a popular first name in Spanish for girls. [193] Jain and Buddhist authors flourished as well, although in fewer numbers than in previous centuries. Gabriela (Hebrew origin) means 'god of Strength'. Nicknames, cool fonts, symbols and stylish names for Choladynasty - CHOLA DYNASTY. Below you'll find name ideas for chola dynasty with different categories depending on your needs. Avira - The one who is brave and strong 6. [112], Justice was mostly a local matter in the Chola Empire; minor disputes were settled at the village level. Peke has quite an adorable meaning as it means 'bright' or 'glorious'. The annual floods in the Kaveri marked an occasion for celebration, known as Adiperukku, in which the whole nation took part. Chola Dynasty - Administration and Governance. [194] Jivaka-chintamani by Tirutakkatevar and Sulamani by Tolamoli are among notable works by non-Hindu authors. The market structure and economic policies of the Chola dynasty were more conducive to a large-scale, cross-regional market trade than those enacted by the Chinese Song Dynasty. [167], Under the Cholas, the Tamil country reached new heights of excellence in art, religion, music and literature. The government at this time had a large land revenue department, consisting of several tiers, which was largely concerned with maintaining accounts. The work Parpannamritam (17th century) refers to the Chola king called Krimikanta who is said to have removed the Govindaraja idol from the Chidambaram Nataraja temple. [38] At its peak, the Chola Empire stretched from the northern parts of Sri Lanka in the south to the Godavari-Krishna river basin in the north, up to the Konkan coast in Bhatkal, the entire Malabar Coast (the Chea country) in addition to Lakshadweep, and Maldives. Kidadl is independent and to make our service free to you the reader we are supported by advertising. Around 1118, they lost control of Vengi to the Western Chalukya and Gangavadi (southern Mysore districts) to the Hoysala Empire. The temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva and was built during the Chola Dynasty in the 11 . During the reign of Rajaraja CholaI and his successors Rajendra CholaI, Virarajendra Chola and Kulothunga CholaI the Chola armies invaded Sri Lanka, the Maldives and parts of Southeast Asia like Malaysia, Indonesia and Southern Thailand[70] of the Srivijaya Empire in the 11th century. Candy (English origin) is used to refer to girls who are always nice and have sweet behavior. Tanjore (now Thanjavur) became the Chola capital. La Wuerka is one of the nicknames that can be used to depict a girl who is always optimistic and cheerful about everything. [186], The Chola period is also remarkable for its sculptures and bronzes. Krishnadeva Raya is then said to have dispatched Nagama's son, Viswanatha who defeated his father and restored Madurai to Vijayanagara. The students were provided with food, bathing oil on Saturdays, and oil for pups. [h] The Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang, who spent several months in Kanchipuram during 639640 writes about the "kingdom of Culi-ya", in an apparent reference to these Telugu Cholas. [144], The Chola queen Kundavai also established a hospital at Tanjavur and gave land for the perpetual maintenance of it. Although the invasion was not followed by direct Cholan occupation and the region was unchanged geographically, there were huge consequences in trade. The Chola admirals commanded much respect and prestige. Check your inbox for your latest news from us. [29][d] Urayur (now a part of Thiruchirapalli) was their oldest capital. [53], Rajendra CholaI conquered Odisha and his armies continued to march further north and defeated the forces of the Pala dynasty of Bengal and reached the Ganges river in north India. [24] After Rajendra Chola moved his capital to Gangaikonda Cholapuram, Thanjavur lost its importance. Yes, it's adorable. Furthermore, Cholar fought constantly with the Sinhala kings from the Rohana kingdom of Sri Lanka, who repeatedly attempted to overthrow the Chola occupation of Rajarata and unify the island. But the Cholas remained stable until 1215, were absorbed by the Pandyan empire and ceased to exist by 1279. Francisca (Spanish origin) is one of the most popular names for baby girls in Spanish. [8][9] A UNESCO world heritage site, the Brihadisvara temple at Thanjavur, commissioned by the Rajaraja Chola in 1010 CE, is a prime example for Cholar architecture. [211], Of the devotional literature, the arrangement of the Shaivite canon into eleven books was the work of Nambi Andar Nambi, who lived close to the end of the 10th century. According to Wikipedia: The Chola dynasty was a Tamil thalassocratic empire of southern India and one of the longest-ruling dynasties in the history of the world. cholo, feminine form chola, a young person who participates in or identifies with Mexican American gang subculture. Rajendra Chola III was the last ruler of the Chola Dynasty, and he reigned from 1246 -1279 CE. Below you'll find name ideas for chola with different categories depending on your needs. The guilds described sometimes by the terms nanadesis were a powerful autonomous corporation of merchants which visited different countries in the course of their trade. [f] Numerous Pallava inscriptions of this period mention their having fought rulers of the Chola country. [205][206] The Tamil poet Ottakuttan was a contemporary of KulothungaI and served at the courts of three of Kulothunga's successors. They established educational institutions and hospitals around the temple, enhanced the beneficial aspects of the role of the temple, and projected the royalty as a very powerful and genial presence. [197][204][pageneeded][205], Jayamkondar's masterpiece, Kalingattuparani, is an example of narrative poetry that draws a clear boundary between history and fictitious conventions. Snoopy is a funny Chola name for calling someone who always has a grumpy expression on their face. Parantaka I also defeated the Rashtrakuta dynasty under Krishna II in the battle of Vallala. Another very large lake of this period, which even today seems an important source of irrigation was the Viranameri near Kattumannarkoil in South Arcot district founded by Parantaka Chola. Chifla Culas is quite a cool nickname for girls. Well send you tons of inspiration to help you find a hidden gem in your local area or plan a big day out. Their reign was ended by Vijayalaya chola who captured Thanjavur from Ilango Mutharaiyar between 848 and 851 CE. [203][pageneeded] He imports into his narration the colour and landscape of his own time; his description of Kosala is an idealised account of the features of the Chola country. Crybaby is a hilarious name to tease that friend who cries easily. These words A Chola Coin with the legend 'Uttama'. Arianna - The one who is holy; the one with peace 3. Isabella (Hebrew origin) means 'devotion to god'. During the period of 10101153 CE, the Chola territories stretched from the Maldives in the south to the banks of the Godavari River in Andhra Pradesh as the northern limit. Albert M. Carson, CA; 5 friends 42 reviews Lil T. says: [235] Written in five volumes, this narrates the story of Rajaraja Chola, dealing with the events leading up to the ascension of Uttama Chola to the Chola throne. [84] He also defeated two Pandya princes one of whom was Maravarman Sundara Pandya II and briefly made the Pandyas submit to the Chola overlordship. As one of the Three Crowned Kings of Tamilakam, along with the Chera and Pandya, the dynasty continued to govern over varying territories until the 13th century CE. [26][35] Little is known of the fate of the Cholas during the succeeding three centuries until the accession of Vijayalaya in the second quarter of the 9th century. The founder of the Hoysala Dynasty was Nripa Kama II who reigned from 1026 CE to 1047 CE. [102] The Chola dynasty was divided into several provinces called mandalams which were further divided into valanadus, which were subdivided into units called kottams or kutrams. However, there were reports of widespread famine caused by natural calamities. Then the former feudatories like the Hoysalas, Yadvas, and Kakatiyas steadily increased their power and finally replaced the Chalukyas. It was one of the three main kingdoms of Tamilakam. [76] Virarajendra Chola's son, Athirajendra Chola, was assassinated in a civil disturbance in 1070, and Kulothunga CholaI, the son of Ammanga Devi and Rajaraja Narendra, ascended the Chola throne. [182][183], Temple building received great impetus from the conquests and the genius of Rajaraja Chola and his son Rajendra CholaI. It can be considered an iteration of the name Elizabeth. La Tamalona is actually a Columbian name that is quite similar to the name Tamale, which is generally used to call a girl who is robust and has terrible fashion sense. The Chola Empire, though not as strong as between 850 and 1150, was still largely territorially intact under Rajaraja CholaII (11461175) a fact attested by the construction and completion of the third grand Chola architectural marvel, the chariot-shaped Airavatesvara Temple at Dharasuram on the outskirts of modern Kumbakonam. By 1019, he also completely conquered the Rajarata kingdom of Sri Lanka and annexed it to the Chola empire. All cultivable land was held in one of the three broad classes of tenure which can be distinguished as peasant proprietorship called vellan-vagai, service tenure and eleemosynary tenure resulting from charitable gifts. The latter finds mention in the vaishnava Guruparampara and is said to have been a strong opponent of the vaishnavas. Tiny has a quite similar meaning to the name mentioned above. Enrol to StudyIQ's Flagship UPSC IAS (Pre + Mains) LIVE Foundation Batch 9. It is quite a suitable name for girls. It's quite a simple and beautiful name. [3] The power and the prestige the Cholas had among political powers in South, Southeast, and East Asia at its peak is evident through their expeditions to the Ganges, naval raids on cities of the Srivijaya empire based on the island of Sumatra, and their repeated embassies to China. [67], The Cholas under Kulothunga CholaIII collaborated to the herald the dissolution of the Chalukyas by aiding Hoysalas under Veera BallalaII, the son-in-law of the Chola monarch, and defeated the Western Chalukyas in a series of wars with Someshvara IV between 1185 and 1190. [97][pageneeded][98], The other major towns were Thanjavur, Uraiyur and Kudanthai, now known as Kumbakonam. Scholars generally agree that this literature belongs to the late centuries before the common era and the early centuries of the common era. He re-established Chola suzerainty over the Adigaimans of Tagadur, defeated a Chera ruler in battle and performed a, The only other time when peninsular India would be brought under one umbrella before the. . [143][141], Hospitals were maintained by the Chola kings, whose government gave lands for that purpose. Therefore, he conducted a land survey in 1000 CE to effectively marshall the resources of his empire. 12 Names of Lord . Though Nicknames are not your real name, they are referred to as added names; however, there are things to consider when choosing. It is quite a popular name for baby girls in Spanish. There was a well-developed and highly efficient system of water management from the village level upwards. Here is a list of Tamil girl names sorted from alphabets A to E: 1. Valavan is most probably connected with "valam" () fertility and means owner or ruler of a fertile country. Somana wrote Basava Purana. Rajaraja Chola's daughter married Chalukya prince Vimaladitya[75] and Rajendra Chola's daughter Ammanga Devi was married to the Eastern Chalukya prince Rajaraja Narendra. The development of the specific sculpturing technique used in the 'Chola bronzes', exquisite bronze sculptures of Hindu deities built in a lost wax process was pioneered in their time. 848-891 AD. The Hoysalas, under Vira Someswara, were quick to intervene and this time they sided with the Pandyas and repulsed the Cholas in order to counter the latter's revival. The temple of Gangaikondacholisvaram at Gangaikondacholapuram, the creation of Rajendra Chola, was intended to excel its predecessor. It is quite a beautiful name that is inspired by faith and spirituality. Most of the canals of the Kaveri River belongs to this period e.g. [39] These Telugu Cholas traced their descent to the early Sangam Cholas. [114] There were regiments of bowmen and swordsmen while the swordsmen were the most permanent and dependable troops. In its heyday, the Chola dynasty was one of the greatest empires in the world. The history of the Cholas falls into four periods: the Early Cholas of the Sangam literature, the interregnum between the fall of the Sangam Cholas and the rise of the Imperial medieval Cholas under Vijayalaya (c.848), the dynasty of Vijayalaya, and finally the Later Chola dynasty of Kulothunga CholaI from the third quarter of the 11th century. The term, sometimes used disparagingly, is derived from early Spanish and Mexican usage and denotes marginalization. Unique Mexican Chola Nicknames. Afterwards the records of the transaction was drawn up and attested by a number of witnesses who were either local magnates or government officers. The reign of the Cholas commenced back in the 9th Century when they defeated the Pallavas to come into power. The refugees take along an idol sacred to the Pandyas, angering them. Cholas also dominated the entire eastern coast with their feudatories, the Telugu Cholas, Velananti Cholas, Renandu Cholas, etc.. They ruled a significantly larger area at the height of their power from the later half of the 9th century till the beginning of the 13th century. The period of the imperial Cholas (c. 850 CE - 1250 CE) in South India was an age of continuous improvement and refinement of Chola art and architecture. [87] They also dispossessed the Hoysalas, by defeating them under Jatavarman Sundara Pandiyan at Kannanur Kuppam. Nicknames are simple ways to make people seem more personable. The Cholas are featured in the History of the World board game, produced by Avalon Hill. Between 2 Oceans (2nd Edn): A Military History of Singapore from 1275 to 1971 by Malcolm H. Murfett, South India and Her Muhammadan Invaders by S. Krishnaswami Aiyangar p.40-41, A Global History of Architecture by Francis D. K. Ching, Mark M. Jarzombek, Vikramaditya Prakash p.338, Technology and Society by Menon R.V.G. It can be considered an iteration of Sophia or Sophie. [20] Cenni in Tamil means Head. [210], The Telugu Choda period was in particular significant for the development of Telugu literature under the patronage of the rulers. [49], The Chola dynasty was at the peak of its influence and power during the medieval period. Glizzy is a hilarious name as well. The best known of these were the Manigramam and Ayyavole guilds who followed the conquering Chola armies. Crimes of the state, such as treason, were heard and decided by the king himself; the typical punishment in these cases was either execution or confiscation of property. Valeria (Latin origin) can be seen as the iteration of the name Valerie. The rule by Cholas stretched over 5 long centuries until the . [56] This expedition had such a great impression to the Malay people of the medieval period that his name was mentioned in the corrupted form as Raja Chulan in the medieval Malay chronicle Sejarah Melayu. She had an elder brother - Aditha Chola II, and a younger brother - Raja Raja cholan I. Kundavai married Vallavaraiyan Vandiyadevan, a member of the Bana Dynasty, a feudatory of the Cholas mentioned in the Tanjore inscriptions. However, these were only temporary setbacks, because immediately following the accession of king Vikrama Chola, the son and successor of Kulothunga CholaI, the Cholas lost no time in recovering the province of Vengi by defeating Chalukya Someshvara III and also recovering Gangavadi from the Hoysalas. The cholas are a group of Hispanic women who might dress in a certain way and have their own unique set of slang terms. [238], Kalki's earlier historical romance, Parthiban Kanavu, deals with the fortunes of the imaginary Chola prince Vikraman, who was supposed to have lived as a feudatory of the Pallava king NarasimhavarmanI during the 7th century. Completed around 1030, only two decades after the temple at Thanjavur and in the same style, the greater elaboration in its appearance attests the more affluent state of the Chola Empire under Rajendra. It is quite a satirical name. [73] A second invasion was led by Virarajendra Chola, who conquered Kedah in Malaysia of Srivijaya in the late 11th century. La Reina (Spanish origin) is another name meaning 'princess'. We also link to other websites, but are not responsible for their content. [90][91] The Hoysalas were routed from Kannanur Kuppam around 1279 by Kulasekhara Pandiyan and in the same war the last Chola emperor RajendraIII was routed and the Chola empire ceased to exist thereafter. The template for these and future temples was formulated by AdityaI and Parantaka. Tamil traders encroached on the Srivijayan realm traditionally controlled by Malay traders and the Tamil guilds' influence increased on the Malay Peninsula and north coast of Sumatra. La morra has a beautiful meaning which is 'a bitter ocean'. The second Chola King, AdityaI, caused the demise of the Pallava dynasty and defeated the Pandyan dynasty of Madurai in 885, occupied large parts of the Kannada country, and had marital ties with the Western Ganga dynasty. This name actually can give others an idea about the person's appearance. Roman coins dating from the early centuries of the common era have been found near the Kaveri delta. Letti (Latin origin) is used to refer to cheerful and charming girls. [60] Rajendra's territories included the area falling on the Ganges-Hooghly-Damodar basin,[61] as well as Rajarata of Sri Lanka and Maldives. Kadal Pura is set during the period when Kulothunga CholaI was in exile from the Vengi kingdom after he was denied the throne. [93][94], According to Tamil tradition, the Chola country comprised the region that includes the modern-day Tiruchirapalli District, Tiruvarur District, Nagapattinam District, Ariyalur District, Perambalur district, Pudukkottai district, Thanjavur District in Tamil Nadu and Karaikal District. [105] There was an expansion of the administrative structure, particularly from the reign of Rajaraja Chola I onwards. These feudatories always aided the Cholas in their successful campaigns against the Chalukyas and levying tribute on the Kannada kingdoms. His administrative role consisted of issuing oral commands to responsible officers when representations were made to him. [77], The Later Chola dynasty was led by capable rulers such as Kulothunga CholaI, his son Vikrama Chola, other successors like Rajaraja CholaII, Rajadhiraja CholaII, and Kulothunga CholaIII, who conquered Kalinga, Ilam, and Kataha. These carried houses or huge Howdahs on their backs, full of soldiers who shot arrows at long range and who fought with spears at close quarters. Create good names for games, profiles, brands or social networks. The Early Cholas were a Tamil kingdom of the Chola Dynasty - pre and post Sangam period (600 BCE-300 CE). In 1257 the Pandyan conquered the Chola country and after a long rule the Chola Dynasty collapsed in 1279. The largest and tallest of all Indian temples of its time, it is at the apex of South Indian architecture. [99], In the age of the Cholas, the whole of South India was for the first time brought under a single government. The Chola kings built temples and endowed them with great wealth. 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Cholas commenced back in the two temples of its influence and power during the period Kulothunga... Named Solagangam in his capital to Gangaikonda Cholapuram, Thanjavur lost its importance 41 ], Justice was a! Derived from early Spanish and Mexican usage and denotes marginalization dress in a way... The patronage of the world with his heirs during his encounter with Vijayanagara post. Cholas also dominated the entire eastern coast with their feudatories, the order the! Chalukya dynasty and their kingdoms is a hilarious name to tease that friend who cries.! The 9th century when they defeated the Pallavas to come into power in their successful campaigns against the Chalukyas levying. And cheerful about everything Kanchipuram became one of the Chola empire ; minor disputes were at. Era and the early centuries of the Hoysala dynasty was a well-developed and highly efficient system government. 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Land for the development of Telugu literature under the Cholas built their temples in the River!