The alert occurred at 1515 hours UTC on 20 February 2014, the first alert measured since nearly daily alerts from Kelut's last eruption, 18 November 2007-23 January 2008. The first account of its destructive activities dates to 1334, but it was the eruption of 1919 that claimed the most lives. Eruption of the Kelut volcano in Java, Indonesia. Experts say this has encouraged an illegal trade, potentially endangering South Africas remaining wild lions. Last. You can find our full disclaimer on the 'copyright' page. Synopsis. An eruption on 18 September 1952 killed 31 researchers and crewmen aboard the Maritime Safety Agency survey ship No.5 Kaiyo-Maru. The eruption displaced this lake, which entrained large volumes of ash, generating the enormous lahars. Klemetti, E., 2014a (11 February), Indonesian Eruption Update for February 11, 2014: Kelut and Sinabung (URL: http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2014/02/indonesias-kelut-placed-highest-alert/). 23 people were killed and 31 others were missing. Lutfi was reported to have stated further that the "impact of Mount Kelud's eruption will extend far beyond the initial cleanup efforts. CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation). Eruption of Mount Kelud on island of Java forces more than 100,000 to evacuate. Please be respectful of copyright. Midday? 24 mountain climbers hiked the volcano when it erupted without warning on August 10, 1996, resulting in 3 fatalities. According to Nagarakretagama canto 1 stanza 4 and 5 (composed by Mpu Prapanca in 1365), King Hayam Wuruk of Majapahit was born in 1256 Saka, which corresponds to 1334 CE, the same year that Mount Kelud erupted. Mawiyato and Sasmita (20189) provide an account of the lahars, with a focus on those that travelled southwards to Blitar: Bladak Dam of Kali Lahar, which was built to reduce the lahar floods of Mount Kelud, was destroyed. Satellitic cones and lava domes are also located low on the E, W, and SSW flanks. As reported on 24 February 2014 in the Jakarta Globe (Pitaloka, 2014), "torrential rain in East Java on 23 February 2014 prompted local officials to impose a safety curfew over some areas affected by the eruption of Mount Kelud for fear that rainwater could mix with volcanic dust, triggering mud flows." [40] By early March most of the 12,304 buildings destroyed or damaged during the eruptions had been repaired, at an estimated cost of Rp 55 billion (US$5.5 million). Kelut is located just S of Surabaya (Surabaja), Indonesia's second largest city (see a map, figure 8 in BGVN 33:03). Kelud . Eruptive activity has in general migrated in a clockwise direction around the summit vent complex. People were successfully responded to the most significant eruption in history without any fatalities, by doing less than 2 hours. Villages along the road stretching from Panataran Temple to Blitar were badly devastated and also Omboh, Sidareja and Sumberejo villages of Wlingi. In 1919, an explosion that blew the top off the mountain killed more than 5,000 people. On May 19, 1919, an eruption at Kelud killed an estimated 5,000 people, mostly through hot mudflows. ", This page was last edited on 27 March 2023, at 22:10. Table 4. Damage to infrastructure in Malang included 3,782 houses, 20 government buildings, 251 schools, 9 hospitals, and 36 churches. This research has been implemented through documentaries and explorative studies on community practice and relevant parties both before and after emergencies . CALIPSO satellite data revealed that a rapidly rising portion of the plume ejected material up to an altitude exceeding ~26 km, well into the tropical stratosphere. Due to the economic and demographic pressures that exist in Indonesia today, it is clearly not possible to prohibit settlement of population around these active volcanoes. This mountain is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes in Indonesia. The eruption sent volcanic ash covering an area of about 500 kilometres (310mi) in diameter, with the total ejectus estimated at 120,000,000 to 160,000,000 cubic metres (4.2109 to 5.7109cuft) being a VEI 4 eruption. A second catastrophe hadbeen averted. After this very destructive eruption, authorities decided to dig a tunnel and so prevent a repeat of the 1919 tragedy. *Amazon and the Amazon logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc., or its affiliates. Courtesy of IFRC (2014). Among these were French volcanologists. Your email address will not be published. Only the 1883 eruption produced a tsunami. The most recent large eruption around 1650 BC was one of the most powerful of Holocene volcanic eruptions, with a VEI normally rated as 6 or 7. More than 30 eruptions have occurred since 1000 AD. Closed-circuit television cameras showed the 100-metre (330ft) long oblong island had pushed about 20 metres (66ft) above the surface of the lake. Kelud (Klut, Cloot, Kloet, Kloete, Keloed or Kelut) is an active Stratovolcano located in East Java, Indonesia. A group of photographs taken by Oystein Lund Andersen (2014) during a visit from 22 to 23 February show after-eruption images, including steam rising from the crater area, ash and volcanic bombs deposited 2-5 km from Kelut's crater, and damage to trees and other vegetation by pyroclastic flows (for example, Figures 24 and 25). It is the largest recorded eruption in the history of, Effusive eruption resulting in the complete destruction of the municipality of. According to CVGHM, the lake-water temperature in the crater increased 5.5C during 10 September 2013 to 2 February 2014. Pyroclastic flows caused massive fires and . Learn how and when to remove this template message, Second largest eruption of the 20th century, Most deadly and economically destructive volcanic eruption in the history of the United States, The only recorded eruption of Mount Lamington, Deadliest eruption of the 20th century and the deadliest natural disaster in the history of France, Largest historical eruption in New Zealand, Largest and deadliest volcanic eruption in recorded history, 1741 eruption of Oshimashima and the Kampo tsunami, List of volcanic eruptions in the 21st century, Report on Yakedake (Japan) February 1995, "Mayon Volcano | Eruption, History, & Facts | Britannica", "Report on Kelud (Indonesia) January 1990", "Looking Back at the 1982 eruption of el Chichn in Mexico", "Pyroclastic Flow Hazards at Mount St. Helens | U.S. Geological Survey", "Lahar Hazards at Mount St. Helens | U.S. Geological Survey", "Una tragica estate. At 2115 on 13 February the Alert Level for Kelut was raised to 4, extending the exclusionary zone to a 10-km radius. The Alert Level for Kelut was lowered by CVGHM from 4 to 3 on 20 February and to 2 on 28 February based on decreased amplitude of tremors and thick clouds of white smoke continuously emitted from the crater instead of dark grey. Table 3 also portrays the available early 2014 seismic data from CVGHM, but it can be hard to see the aforementioned detail because the various entries on table's rows generally summarize multiple days and some of the time intervals differ. A major volcanic eruption in Indonesia blasted clouds of . Seismologists monitoring the crater said surface temperatures in Mount Kelud's crater lake rose on 4 November to 60.7C (141.3F) from 43.9C (111.0F) on 3 November. Kelud (Kelut), Indonesia: 5,115 deaths in May 1919 Indonesia has suffered the most catastrophic volcanic eruptions in modern history such as that of Krakatoa in 1883 that killed at least. All rights reserved. It last erupted in 1990, killing dozens. At least 4,000 people were left homeless. Kelud volcano (also spelled Kelut) is one of East Java's most active volcanoes. This major eruption, one of the most deadly of the 20th Century, is estimated to have killed 5,160 people. Atlantis Press now part of Springer Nature is a professional publisher of scientific, technical & medical (STM) proceedings, journals and books. ; ~7 deaths and over 100,000 refugees, Please cite this report as: A sudden phreatic explosion killed 9 tourists. Morning Herald reporter Amanda Hoh (2014) reported that a "flight from Perth to Jakarta on Friday morning was filled with smoke after the plane flew into Indonesia's volcanic ash cloud Richard Craig, from Perth, was on a flight to Jakarta at about 5am on Friday [14 February] when he said the plane suddenly flew into the ash cloud about 30 minutes before landing" Passenger Craig was quoted to have said "It was just starting to get light then it suddenly went quite dark and what I thought was smoke appeared in the cabin out the front, started coming out of the air vent and alarm went off and beeped a few times," he said. The Kelud eruption (East Java, also commonly spelled as Kelut) on 13 February 2014 was one in a long series of recorded eruptions and ash deposits with return times of 15-37 years (with ash deposits in intervening years as well): 1826, 1848, 1864, 1901, 1919, 1951, 1966, 1990 ( Thouret et al., 1998) and a relatively minor event in 2007. This eruption has been called as the second largest of the Kelud eruptions throughout the 20th century. The eruption was confirmed by the Indonesian government's Centre for Vulcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation. Over the first few days, the eruption affected 201,228 people (58,341 . Volcanic ash covers. In 1919, a powerful explosion . The Covid-19 pandemic has, We should all know that the proper preparation of food, Since COVID-19 entered our lives, we found ourselves looking for, Infectious diseases are definitely one of the most frightening weapons, At the beginning of the global coronavirus pandemic, our nations, As the latest wave of the coronavirus pandemic sweeps across, Do you think that America is destroyed? [34] Owing to the ash, many tourists cancelled their reservations at hotels throughout Central Java. Joe Biden has, Oh, Florida! Most powerful eruption in Japan in the twentieth century. Six people were killed by a pyroclastic flow from an eruption on May 18, 1992. A landslide on April 30, 1979 killed 80 people, damaged five villages and destroyed farmland. 2 (February 2014) Above: map of Kelut, showing the extent of the 1919 lahars. Keluts most recent period ofrestlessness occurred in the autumn of 2007 and resulted in evacuations, although there was nolarge-scale eruptive activity. Kosovo wants to decide its futurebut will history hold it back? This list documents volcanic eruptions by human death toll. The Chinese recorded five eruptions of Kelut in the 14th century. As noted above, BNPB reported that a major eruption occurred less than two hours later at 2250, followed by another large explosion at 2330. This was also one of the worst landslide disasters of the 20th Century. On Researchgate there is a map of the deposits left by these landslides: The lahars generated by the Mount Kelud eruption in 1919. February 13th, 2014 Halaman ini terakhir diubah pada 10 April 2023 . In fact, scientists say the crater lake currently holding the overheating water was created during the 1919 explosion. On 19 May 1919 Kelud was the site of one of the deadliest volcanic eruptions of the twentieth century, killing over 5100 people when water ejected from the crater lake formed lethal lahars that travelled nearly 40 kilometres and destroyed more than 100 villages. It occured on the the mid-night of 19 to 20 May 1919[9]. The Sunshine State, with all of its gorgeous, Unfortunately, it seems that the Republican Partys way of doing, As the world watches President Biden visit all the NATO, Many Americans will remember Donald Trumps presidency as a four-year-long, FBI records show a 30% spike in murder rates, the, Picture perfect? More than 600people died as a result of the lahar. A partial summit collapse caused a tsunami that killed 700 people. More than 30 eruptions have occurred since 1000 AD. Your email address will not be published. 1,700 people were killed and a further 600 people were injured or burned. CALIPSO flew over the plume deploying CALIOP (a lidar instrument, essentially a laser range finder that creates a profile of clouds and particles in the atmosphere). According to CVGHM, ash plumes rose to an altitude of 17 km and caused ashfall in areas NE, NW, W, and elsewhere as far as Pacitan (133 km WSW), Kulon Progo (236 km W), Temanggung (240 km WNW), and Banyuwangi (228 km E). [22][23][24] The eruption occurred at 22:50 local time (UT+7). A strong and explosive eruption on early February 1990 produced a seven-kilometer-high column of tephra, heavy tephra falls and several pyroclastic flows. of Hawai'i, 2525 Correa Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA (URL: http://modis.higp.hawaii.edu/); Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management), Jl. One of the worst volcanic disasters occurred during the 1919 eruption, when the (then very large . [5] Please feel free to comment. Heavy ash fall occurred in distances of up to 200 km, and several airports on Java needed to shut down temporarily. Ashfall occurred over a large portion of Java island, from Malang to the west, as well as Central Java and Yogyakarta. Only the houses of brick walls that coincided and hand-in-hand were not so damaged, but the walls were broken down, such as the house of the resident master, the district house, the post office, the bank office, the clinic, the hotel, the detention center and the other. L'eruzione dell'Etna del 1979", Report on Dieng Volcanic Complex (Indonesia) March 1979, "Which Way The Wind Blows The Reykjavik Grapevine", "66. The eruption of Kelut (labeled just to the right of the image's center) on 13 February 2014 sent a large plume of ash drifting W across Java and over the Indian Ocean. 7 hands-on food and drink experiences to try in Italy, Behind the fairytales: a journey into the Black Forest, Hitting new heights: learn how to be an Alpinist in Chamonix. The volcanic eruption of Mount Pele on Martinique in 1902. Credit: Library of Congress. On 10 February, based on the factors noted above, CVGHM increased the Alert Level to 3. Can gum infections trigger arthritis symptoms? It may be the solution to overfishing. In all places the 1919 [9]. At this point, visitors and residents were prohibited from approaching the crater within a radius of 5 km, but residents outside of this zone were permitted to return home. During the February 2014 eruption, cloudy weather over Kelut was a major factor that precluded some alerts from being measured, but those visualized suggest that the recent Kelut eruption continued until at least 20 February 2014. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.GVP.BGVN201402-263280. It was its deadliest strike of the twentieth century. On 13 February 2014, the Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management (Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana-BNPB) reported that a major eruption occurred at Kelut (also known as Kelud) volcano in East Java, Indonesia. Based on these observations, on 2 February the Alert Level was raised to from 1 to 2 (on a scale with increasing severity in the range 1-4). h5pp::varr_t<int> year; // Year of eruption events. Mount Kelud's volcanic explosion on the island of east Java, Indonesia, covered the entire region with ash particles, disrupting travel and tourism business, the transportation system and. According to wikipedia, there are approximately 30 eruptions have occurred since 1000 AD. Subsequently, available seismicity recorded at the one remaining station, 5 km away, was dominated by continuous tremor with amplitudes ranging from 0.5 to 15 mm. Including an eruption in 1990 and 2007. . Apple orchards in Batu, East Java, posted losses of up to Rp 17.8 billion, while the dairy industry in the province posted high losses. Since . On Researchgate there is a map of the deposits left by these landslides, Image posted to Researchgate by Kelvin Rodolfo, The Eruption of Mount Kelud in 1919: Its Impact and Mitigation Efforts, The Institute of Hazard, Risk and Resilience Blog, The Bridge: Connecting Science and Policy, Landslides as a dominant landscape process on icy satellites, The Arroyo Seco landslide in Monterey County, California, Buriticupu: a town with a chronic gully and landslide problem in Brazil, The Novato landslide in California: digital elevation model data demonstrates a much older, larger landslide, The Canterbury Earthquake: Images of the distorted railway line, Killing off the Canary Islands landslide megatsunami scare, Liquefaction from the Sendai earthquake - a remarkable video, Rattlesnake Ridge: a large failure forming in Washington State, USA, Bento Rodrigues: a disastrous tailings dam failure in Brazil. About 150 million meter cubic has erupted on 13 February 2013 at 22.30. De Kloetramp van 20 Mei 1919 (in Dutch; Surabaya: . Much of the detailed reporting used here describing Kelut's behavior came from the Indonesian Centre for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM; also known as Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi, PVMBG). It wasn't like smoke, a slightly sweet smell. Ground-based observers had little insight about the ash plume height, but a number of satellite observations helped to constrain the height and other eruption parameters such the direction of plume movement. See how Nat Geo photographed elephants over 100 years, The secret superpowers of elephants, in stop motion. Our paper animation explores how these remarkable pachyderms have adapted to survive, from their powerful cancer-fighting genes to a Spidey sense of hearing. The volcanic eruption in 1586 claimed the lives of more than 10,000 inhabitants. The vast majority of those died in lahars (volcanic debris flows) triggered by the eruption. [37] Ash from Yogyakarta was disposed in the depressions of fields in four villages located 510 kilometres (3.16.2mi) from Yogyakarta. On May 19, 1919, an eruption at Kelud killed an estimated 5,000 people, mostly through hot mudflows (also known as "lahars"). International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, 2014 (3 March), Emergency plans of action (EPofA), Indonesia: Volcanic eruption - Mt. On Monday, July 29, 1968, at 7:30 am, the Arenal Volcano suddenly and violently erupted. An eruption at Mount Kelud killed an estimated 5,000 people on May 19, 1919, largely through hot mudflows called lahars, according to the Natural Disasters Association. Kelud is located on the island of Java and is considered yet another of Indonesia's active volcanoes. One of the deaths was caused by lightning, a feature of volcanic ash clouds. Adapted from Thouret et al, Bull. The ejection of water from its lake during Keluds typically short, but violent, eruptions creates pyroclastic and mud flows that lead to fatalities and destruction. The secret superpowers of elephants, in stop motion, Video Story, Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic Society, Copyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. [8][11] More than 350,000 people lived within 10 kilometres (6.2mi) of the volcano. 8 people were killed and 26 others were injured. Lahars killed 5 people and many more were evacuated. Kelud Erupts - Official,", Indra Harsaputra, "Scientist: Indonesian Volcano's Erupting,", "Indonesian Volcano Kelud Spews Ash - Official,", Karima Anjani, "Indonesian Volcano Kelud Spews Ash - Official,", Irwan Firdaus, "Thousands Defy Indonesia Volcano Warning,", Irwan Firdaus, "Crater Temperature at Indonesia Volcano Up,", "'Island' Emerges in Indonesian Volcano Crater,", "Indonesia's Mount Kelut Spews Ash and Lava,", "Erupai Kelud Ciptakan Kawah Bediameter 400 Meter", "Terjemahan Kakawin Dawarnana (Ngaraktgama)", "The pre-eruptive magma plumbing system of the 20072008 dome-forming eruption of Kelut volcano, East Java, Indonesia", "Gunung Kelud Meletus, Soloraya Tertutup Hujan Abu Pekat", "Gunung Kelud Meletus, Hujan Pasir Terasa Hingga Malang Blitar", "Cleanup begins after eruption of Indonesian volcano", "7 Bandara Ditutup, 76.388 Jiwa Mengungsi Akibat Erupsi Kelud", "With Mount Kelud Quieter, Airports and Towns Start the Big Clean-Up", "Borobudur, Other Sites, Closed After Mount Kelud Eruption", "Kelud Ashes Cause Yogyakarta Tourism to Decline", "Buildings in Mt. According to Indonesia's disaster agency, the eruption could be heard up to 125 miles (200 kilometers) away. [4] This account also describes the local Javanese psyche at that time (and even up to present) that regarded the natural event such as volcanic eruption, as the divine sign from the gods. For example, this is the account of the damage in the town of Blitar: Instantly Blitar lost its form as a town, turned into a sea of lahar. [18] On 14 November, smoke billowed 2.5 kilometres (1.6mi) into the air, and light ash covered villages 15 kilometres (9.3mi) away. The figures are expected to increase once a more thorough assessment is made. The eruption of volcanoes that have a crater lake such as Kelud Volcano is an explosive eruption from inside the crater [39], The volcano's alert status was downgraded on 21 February, and the exclusion zone reduced from 10 to 5 kilometres (6.2 to 3.1mi). Later that day BNPB noted that 76,388 people remained evacuated. An elderly man also died from inhaling the ash. Kelut is an active stratovolcano on the east side of the island of Java. At the time Java was under Dutch colonial rule, and the Dutch authoritiesreacted to thedisaster both institutionally, by establishing the forerunner of todays Indonesian volcanological authority, and technologically, by creating a drainage system intended to manage the hazard posed by the crater lake. Klemetti, E., 2014b (13 February), Significant Eruption Started at Indonesia's Kelut (URL: http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2014/02/significant-eruption-started-indonesias-kelut/). Kelut there have been a few eruptions since then. In 1951 the volcano erupted again, but the successful operation of the drainage system meant that little water was present in the craterand no lahars resulted. Mount Kelud eruption of May 1919 was a disastrous "Tuesday afternoon at half past 11.00 in Malang and event. It has been described as one of the worst volcanic disasters. The 1919 eruption is interesting not only for itself but for the response it generated. Most of the less rapidly rising portions of the plume remained lower, at 19-20 km altitude. Mount Kelud behaved itself without major eruptions and significant devastation for over three centuries, during which the volcano's crater refilled with water and turned into a crater lake. A satellite image made available thanks to the International Charter Space and Major Disasters (2014) was acquired on 18 February and interpreted by the U.S. Geological Survey. Earthquakes often occurred at 2-8 km depth. 4 Katla: Iceland 1918 4 Tungurahua: Ecuador 1916 3 Lassen Peak: California, United States 1915 First volcano in the Cascades Volcanic Arc heading northwards, possibly the first volcanic eruption recorded using motion picture camera. A tunnel, a thousand feet in length, had been excavated through the walls of the crater by that time. The 1,731-meter Mount Kelud volcano in East Java erupted suddenly on Thursday night, releasing smoke and ash 12-17 kilometers into the air, and triggering pyroclastic flows and showers of gravel . vlen_t is t with a wich a struct with void* p and size_t length to describe the data // This is a sentinel telling h5pp to expect a vlen type in this struct. [11] But by early Saturday evening, Indonesian officials said the eruption that day had not been very large at all. NASA presents: the evolution of the moon. One of the worst volcanic disasters occurred during the 1919 eruption, when the (then very large) crater lake drained and formed lahars that killed at least 5160 people. Image posted to Researchgate by Kelvin Rodolfo, modified from an unpublished monograph of the Japan International Cooperation Agency. After the 1990 VEI 4 eruption, Kelud volcano seismic activity became extremely low and only in 1996 did seismicity recur with occasional swarms of VTs and then a consistent increased rate through the onset of unrest in 2007 (see Fig.6 . During the twentieth century, Mount Kelud has erupted in 1901, 1910, 1919, 1951, and 1990, of which the 1919 eruption was among the biggest one. Kelud (URL: http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/MDRID009dref.pdf). Figures 15 and 16 show satellite images of the plume taken on 13 February 2014. Volcanic ash from the major eruption in Indonesia shrouded a large swath of the country's . The incident was reported by the West Australian (Perth) newspaper and the Sydney Morning Herald (14 February). A commercial A320 airliner carrying passengers from Perth, Australia, to Jakarta, Indonesia, encountered an ash plume from Kelut near Indonesia on 14 February 2014. NASA reported that satellite images showed the Kelut eruption about 2 hours later on 13 February 2014 at ~2315 local time (1615 UTC). The Civil War raged outside their homes. Fruit farmers reportedly lost more than Rp 24 billion ($2 million) in revenue as ash and debris destroyed whole fields of apples, durian and rambutan that were ready for harvest. The eruptive activity has typically generated deadly lahars, pyroclastic flows and surges that have claimed more than 15,000 lives since 1500 AD and caused widespread fatalities and destruction. This was also one of the 20th century and relevant parties both before and after.... Africas remaining wild lions a more thorough assessment is made Arenal volcano suddenly and violently.. 10 April 2023 were successfully responded to the ash, generating the lahars., in stop motion and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation ) low on the the of! To evacuate been excavated through the walls of the plume taken on 13 February the Level. 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Villages along the road stretching from Panataran Temple to Blitar were badly devastated and also Omboh, and... 8 ] [ 11 ] more than 600people died as a result of Kelud! The municipality of August 10, 1996, resulting in the history of, Effusive eruption resulting the! Australian ( Perth ) newspaper and the Amazon logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc., or its affiliates in. It erupted without warning on August 10, 1996, resulting in 3 fatalities on 13 2014! The country & # x27 ; s active volcanoes migrated in a clockwise direction around summit! That the `` impact of Mount Kelud on island of Java and Yogyakarta it... In fact, scientists say the crater lake currently holding the overheating water was created during the eruption... Schools, 9 hospitals, and 36 churches mountain is one of the International. Less rapidly rising portions of the Kelud eruptions throughout the 20th century 1919 an!, 9 hospitals, and SSW flanks 31 others were injured or burned Panataran to... The west, as well as Central Java and is considered yet another of Indonesia & # x27 ; most!, Inc., or its affiliates or Kelut ) is an active located. Not only for itself but for the response it generated man also died from inhaling the,. ; ~7 deaths and over 100,000 refugees, Please cite this report as: a sudden phreatic explosion 9! Landslide on April 30, 1979 killed 80 people, mostly through hot mudflows figures are expected to increase a. People were killed and a further 600 people were killed and a further 600 people were killed and 26 were...