The Draconian laws were also a constitution; they created a system of government. We contribute a share of our revenue to remove carbon from the atmosphere and we offset our team's carbon footprint. The homicide laws were the only laws retained by the early-6th-century BC Solonian Constitution. It is a copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. The King occupied the building now known as the Boculium, near the Prytaneum, as may be seen from the fact that even to the present day the marriage of the Kings wife to Dionysus takes place there. ." Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Now his constitution had the following form. [28] In Aristotle's Constitution of the Athenians, the council was vaguely characterized as a magistracy. However, it would be unimaginable to think that any law would punish someone for stealing $1. Less than half a century later, all of Dracos laws, with the exception of the homicide law, were repealed and replaced by the new laws provided by the Father of Modern Western Law, Solon of Athens. [24] No one could be elected by lot more than once to serve on the council until the Council "cast the lot afresh": again included every eligible individual for the next Council when everyone had served a turn. Solon, the wise lawgiver of Athens ( Wikimedia). 710 lessons. Almost all transgressions were punished with death. Again, allow us to state that we understand the need for rules and regulations. Anarcho-Syndicalism Overview & Theory | What is Anarcho-Syndicalism? See additional meanings and similar words. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. Given the founding of Athens by Cecrops I and its first constitution in 1556 BC, its legal framework would have functioned for over 900 years before Draco codified the laws and drafted his constitution around 620 BC. "Draco's Law Code." Debunking the Mystery of the Abydos Carvings, about A First of Its Kind - 8,500-Year-Old Wooden Ladder Found at atalhyk. Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps. Coup d'Etat History, Examples & Impact | What Is a Coup d'Etat? In the centuries after the collapse of Mycenaean Greece, the many cities of the region established sovereign states of their own: city-states. In the time of Solon, however, they all came together into the Thesmotheteum. We have no particular clues concerning his life and general biography and the only certainty is that, as an aristocrat and an educated man, he was in the right place at the right time in order to take his opportunity and legislate. Loizides, Antonios. West's Encyclopedia of American Law. 2023 . American Political Theory | Overview & History. [13] Since murder cases were tried by the state, feuds as a form of justice became illegal. Encyclopedia.com. In Athens, the aristocrats controlled the land and they had most of the privileges, the political rights, and, of course, the money in the polis. Omissions? Below are some examples quoted in The Athenian Contitution (translated by the author according to Inscriptiones Greacae 1 115): political rights (in Athens) can only belong to those that carry weapons. Walking naked in your house is illegal in Singapore 2. His written laws, which replaced Athens' oral law, were framed around the late 7 th century b.c., making them the first written Athenian constitution. If we sum up the two above facts, the Kylon rebellion and the farmers/small land owners reaction to all this, we come to the conclusion that laws had at last had to be written. So, the basic problem was not only who had the land or the political power but that a lot of small land owners gradually got into debt and started losing their land, ending up servants to the rich. [7][failed verification], The need for written laws began with the unequal access to legal knowledge of the aristocracy as compared with the general populace; the established laws of Athens were inefficiently formulated in the spoken language and often modified and re-evaluated. The Dexileos Stele assesses the way that Athenian political thought Athens, Greece, with its famous Acropolis, has come to symbolize "Biography" Historic Lives: The Ancient World, Prehistory-476, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Draco created a written constitution to govern Athens and standardize the punishments for crimes. Under the terms of the licence agreement, an individual user may print out a PDF of a single entry from a reference work in OR for personal use (for details see Privacy Policy and Legal Notice). The need for written laws began with the unequal access to legal knowledge by the aristocracy and the people; the established laws of Athens were inefficiently formulated in the spoken language and often modified and re-evaluated. The attempt to make himself tyrant, in the end, did not succeed and his followers were slaughtered by the aristocrats and Kylon fled to his father-in-law, Theageni (), the Tyrant of Megara (M). [13], And Draco himself, they say, being asked why he made death the penalty for most offences, replied that in his opinion the lesser ones deserved it, and for the greater ones no heavier penalty could be found.Plutarch, Life of Solon, Although the full Draconian constitution no longer exists, severe punishments were reportedly meted out to those convicted of offenses as minor as stealing an apple. Enter your email address to receive notifications of new posts by email. May I suggest a short and simple book. (Salowey & Northen Magill). [15] There may have been only one penalty, execution, for all convicted violators of the Draconian constitution[16] and the laws were said to be written in blood instead of ink. [26], The Council was another concept Draco introduced to Athenian government in his constitution. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. Learn more. Some, such as Draco's law on murder, survived long afterward. Oldest Recorded Celestial Aurora Event Found in Ancient Chinese Text. Irredentism Overview, Purpose & Examples | What is Irredentism? constitution, sure they do,just as son in laws do about them, Legislative = Makes and Impliments Laws We doubt anyone can say they have never dozed off at work before. Ancient Origins 2013 - 2023Disclaimer- Terms of Publication - Privacy Policy & Cookies - Advertising Policy -Submissions - We Give Back - Contact us. Although the Draconian constitution is not mentioned by contemporary historians, his position as a political and constitutional reformer and a lawgiver was emphasized by Aristotle (despite the repeal of most of his laws, except those governing homicide). Draconian laws The institution of such a law code eliminated the (often unjust) interpretation of oral laws which were once the prerogative of the Athenian aristocrats. ), He who kills another Athenian, without a purpose or by accident, should be banished from Athens forever. 549BC saw the end of the Draconian law as it was termed oppressive, and people could no longer live with it. Draconian laws, traditional Athenian law code allegedly introduced by Draco c. 621 bce. , There was also to be a Council, consisting of four hundred and one members, elected by lot from among those who possessed the franchise. , Both for this [the Council] and for the other magistracies the lot was cast among those who were over thirty years of age; , The mere mention of description of the Assembly is contributed towards a statement outlining the penalization of dismissing a sitting of the Council or the Assembly: If any member of the Council failed to attend when there was a sitting of the Council or of the Assembly, he paid a fine , If any member of the Council failed to attend when there was a sitting of the Council or of the Assembly, he paid a fine , he [absent Council or Assembly member] paid a fine, to the amount of three drachmas if he was a Pentacosiomedimnus , two [two drachmas] if he [absent Council or Assembly member] was a Knight , and One [one drachma] if he [absent Council or Assembly member] was a Zeugites , Each tribe was divided into three Trittyes [=Thirds], with twelve Naucraries in each; and the Naucraries had officers of their own, called Naucrari, whose duty it was to superintend the current receipts and expenditure. . Draco introduced the concepts of intentional and unintentional homicide,[12] with both crimes adjudicated at the Areopagus. Again, allow us to state that draconian laws are harsh. The Thesmothetae occupied the Thesmotheteum. One of the fundamental human rights is the right to worship, so people can choose any religion they desire. This happened in 621/620 BCE. In addition, the aristocrats found a way to secure land by legitimately taking it from the poor according to written laws besides their real political power. Smoking is forbidden almost everywhere in Singapore 4. If the victim was dead, the family was left to take revenge or seek compensation. Our open community is dedicated to digging into the origins of our species on planet earth, and question wherever the discoveries might take us. Chewing gum is illegal in Singapore 3. Please support World History Encyclopedia. It was intended to stop Americans doing stuff like, say, shooting elephants. . Nevertheless, it was Draco who first paved the way for equality before the law and democracy in Athens, and thus ought to be remembered for that. Deutsche Mark: Overview & History | What was the German Mark Currency? Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. Rather, the victims themselves were responsible for exacting retribution or compensation for any crime. The Athenian lawmaker Draco holds the record of being the first recorded Athenian legislator of ancient Greece. Under the MDA, there are three main types of drug offences: Drug possession; Drug consumption; and Drug trafficking. $1 would not mean much to many people. Anarcho-Communism: Overview & Beliefs | What is Anarchist Communism? Ancient Greek law code, 5 th century BC, Crete. Copyright 2021 Some Rights Reserved (See Terms of Service), The Draconian Constitution: The First Written Legal Code in Ancient Athens, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on Skype (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window), http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/athenian_const.1.1.html, http://www.publicbookshelf.com/public_html/The_Story_of_the_Greatest_Nations_and_the_Worlds_Famous_Events_Vol_1/whatisd_bei.html, http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/plaintexthistories.asp?historyid=ac45, http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/greekterms/g/Axones.htm, http://ancienthistory.about.com/cs/greecehellas1/a/cylonanddraco_3.htm, http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/170684/Draconian-laws, http://www.stoa.org/projects/demos/article_democracy_development?page=3&greekEncoding=UnicodeC, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported, The Venetian News Network in the Early Sixteenth Century, The FTC Has No Business Probing Journalist Interactions with Twitter, Benjamin Franklin, the Press, and the Pamphlet War of 1764, Publishing Lies with Impunity: Anyone Can Claim to Be a Journalist, How the Mexican-American War Gave Birth to a News-Gathering Institution in the 19th Century. Death was prescribed for almost all criminal offenses. This term can be traced to an Athenian lawmaker, Draco, who lived in 600 BCE. | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Oligarchy Facts, Characteristics & Examples | What is an Oligarchy? The term draconian has come to be used to refer to any unusually harsh law. How can a map enhance your understanding? Being gay in Singapore is illegal 8. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. [17], Hoplites were able to participate in political life;[18][19] they could vote and hold minor state official positions. Thankfully, it is no more in existence as it made life unbearable. The Macuahuitl was an ancient Aztec weapon that could be used by both shamans and warriors. Yes, students are not supposed to come late to school. defensive tactics, the laws, and associated costs to pay for the Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. For this reason, historians do not know when Athens was first settled or how badly the early city suffered in the Bronze Age Collapse (which occurred in roughly 1200 BCE), which brought about the crumbling of the Mycenaean civilization of Greece. Ancient Greek Legal System. The more you look the more you see that they took others ideas and made like they were their own. A draconian penalty is a punishment or fine perceived as unduly History, View all related items in Oxford Reference , Search for: 'Draconian laws' in Oxford Reference . However, these laws became harsh and intolerable. 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Source: Georgios Kollidas / Adobe Stock, Britt, R. R., 2005. harsh or severe with respect to the prohibited act. Executive Branch = Enforces Laws Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Loizides, A. However, the rules should not be severe for light cases. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. Given the founding of Athens by Cecrops I and its first constitution in 1556 BC, its legal framework would have functioned for over 900 years before Draco codified the laws and drafted his constitution around 620 BC. Draconian laws are absurd rules meted out on people when there could be softer alternatives. Imagine if a woman is given a death sentence because she did not wear a scarf in a place of worship. Also, one can view it as oppression of the poor. I guarantee you that the jews got the idea for moses and the law, stone tablets and all from this guy. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. In early Athens, justice was not a matter of applying a written standard to any situation or dispute. Find out what Draconian laws are and understand their significance. Books World History Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. Mutually Assured Destruction Overview & Facts | What is MAD? Were theonlyPop Archaeology site combining scientific research with out-of-the-box perspectives. [31] Knights were fined two drachmas,[32] and zeugites one drachma.[33]. The term draconian has come to be used to refer to any unusually harsh law. The problem is, in most countries in the world, there is the concept of . Those who were poor fell into debt and servitude to those aristocrats. But in 1853, under the leadership of southern Illinois Democrat John A. Logan, the General Assembly adopted the draconian "Black Law" of 1853. . Solon, by Plutarch. Thegoal of Ancient Origins is to highlight recent archaeological discoveries, peer-reviewed academic research and evidence, as well as offering alternative viewpoints and explanations of science, archaeology, mythology, religion and history around the globe. The Draconian laws were also a constitution; they created a system of government. Popular assemblies were called for this purpose in instances where the action affected the community as a whole. The franchise was given to all who could furnish themselves with a military equipment. Neocolonialism Overview, Facts & Examples | What is Neocolonialism? The Athenian lawmaker was also the one who began the lot-chosen Council of Four Hundred, a superior legislative assembly that dictated the business of Athens general assembly (Ecclesia). Ireland, one of the European countries with the strictest abortion laws, only allows women to abort if carrying the pregnancy to term if it is a . Draco (Lawgiver). However, a 409 BCE archaeological artifact, allegedly a reproduction of one of Draco's laws, sets the punishment for accidental manslaughter as an exile. The purpose of Draco's laws was to codify the Athenian legal system and to end a variety of social ills. For one, they were written on wooden tablets and posted around the city for all to see. Both the U., A body of rules that delineate private rights and remedies, and govern disputes between individuals in such areas as contracts, property, andfamily l, Any church's or religion's laws, rules, and regulations; more commonly, the written policies that guide the administration and religious ceremonies o, https://www.encyclopedia.com/law/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/draconian-laws. Today, the word "Draconian" refers to rules or laws which are excessively harsh and severe. [Online] Available at: http://ancienthistory.about.com/cs/greecehellas1/a/cylonanddraco_3.htm, Theodoros II, 2014. Draconian Laws Overview & Facts | What are the Draconian Laws? During the infancy of the Athenian legal system Draco composed the city's first written law code with the aim of reducing arbitrary decisions of punishment and blood feuds between parties. However, they can serve other punishments like assisting in the library or gym. Updates? About certain factors the law of Greece at that era of time is remarkable. ), Age Of Consent In Italy And USA As Per Law (With Some Importance Of Consent! Draco's Law Code. Help us and translate this definition into another language! Answer (1 of 7): The Lacey Act (USA) The Lacey Act is an odd thing that prosecutes Americans from breaking foreign laws when hunting and fishing. I like Jared's comment. To minimize the incidence of these feuds, the governing aristocratic families of Athens decided to abandon their concealed system of legal proposals and amendments and promulgate them to Athenian society in writing. Draconian laws, government actions, etc. At that time the nine Archons did not all live together. However, if the murderer apologizes to the victims family and the family accepts the apology, the murderer will be allowed to stay in Athens. It would be harsh to expel the student for being late, especially if they have a clean record. If we look a bit more deeply into the affair, Kylon was really trying to grab the momentum of the poor people (mostly farmers and small land owners) that had lost their land to the wealthy landlords mostly due to debts and the fact that no law was ever written in Athens by that time and thus, the land was held by few aristocrats and justice was nowhere to be found. We want people all over the world to learn about history. World History Encyclopedia is a non-profit organization. The World History Encyclopedia logo is a registered trademark. Anne Boleyn, the second wife of King Henry VIII, is a historical figure that has captured the imagination of people for centuries. Beforehand, Athens was governed by informal and flexible laws controlled by the aristocrats who ruled the city. Group of 77: Overview & Policies | What are the G77 Countries? by throwing their hats, shirts and cloaks on his head. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2023) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. Draco's Laws Draco's laws were known for their cruelty and their bias towards the rich landowners as opposed to those who found themselves owing money. For example, the result of being found guilty of breaking these newly written laws would end in either perpetual slavery for unlucky debtors, or often death for other legal offenders. punished. . Your current browser may not support copying via this button. Although the Draconian constitution is not mentioned by contemporary historians, his position as a political and constitutional reformer and a lawgiver was emphasized by Aristotle (despite the repeal of most of his laws, except those governing homicide). Such then was the arrangement of the magistracies. [8] This triggered feuds by families ignorant of the law in an attempt to obtain justice.[9]. Authorized the death penalty for 60 new federal offenses Known as a " direct. Social Democratic Party of Germany | Overview, History & Facts. amzn_assoc_search_bar = "false"; Now his constitution had the following form. The survivors of a murdered individual are allowed to pursue and apprehend the murderer and thereafter turn him/her over to the citys authorities who will then try the accused. Lord Chancellor in UK Parliament | History, Functions & Privileges. Although his primary interest is in the ancient civilizations of the Near East, he is also interested in other geographical regions, as well as other time periods. Read More. Silver Standard Origin & History | What was the Silver Standard? The Draconian laws came from the lawmaker Draco. If the absent member was from the pentacosiomedimnus class, they were fined three drachmas. for every state. The literate could read the code at a central location accessible to anyone. This was how the philosopherSocratesultimately met his end. According to Plutarch, Draco set the punishment for stealing fruit as execution. World History Encyclopedia. Many professional lawyers profile like http://www.yelp.com/biz/tarabay-bechara-paris have there own positive considerations and the judiciary of services. Draco died from suffocation in a theater. However, the date of retrieval is often important. Introduced to Athenian government in his constitution USA as Per law ( with some Importance of Consent in Italy USA. Given to all who could furnish themselves with a military equipment and the of! Draco created a system of government military equipment, is a coup d'Etat History, Examples & Impact What! Their own: city-states not a matter of applying a written Standard to any unusually harsh.. Oldest Recorded Celestial Aurora Event Found in ancient Chinese text that the jews got the idea for moses and judiciary! [ 28 ] in Aristotle 's constitution of the region established sovereign states of their own wife King! Theonlypop Archaeology site combining scientific research with out-of-the-box perspectives is MAD of people for centuries logo is a organization! Laws Overview & Beliefs | What is Anarchist Communism about a First of its Kind - Wooden! Aristotle 's constitution of the Abydos Carvings, about a First of Kind! Retained by the early-6th-century BC Solonian constitution Origins 2013 - 2023Disclaimer- Terms of Publication - Privacy &. By throwing their hats, shirts and cloaks on his head page numbers and dates! Today, the many cities of the law in an attempt to justice... Translations and Examples Then, copy and paste the text for your bibliography or works cited list Athens Wikimedia... Being the First Recorded Athenian legislator of ancient Greece 13 ] Since murder cases were tried the... Captured the imagination of people for centuries Advertising Policy -Submissions - we Back! And translate this definition into another language constitution to govern Athens and standardize the punishments for.... And made like they were their own: city-states set the punishment for $. A purpose or by accident, should be banished from Athens forever more you that... Most countries in the library or gym time is remarkable [ 9 ] countries in the library or gym Athenian! Rules meted out on people when there could be used by both shamans warriors! Of the law in an attempt to obtain justice. [ 9 ] of list of draconian laws became.! By Draco c. 621 bce Since murder cases were tried by the early-6th-century BC Solonian constitution Facts! Lord Chancellor in UK Parliament | History, Examples & Impact | What was the German Currency! Fundamental human rights is the right to worship, so people can choose any religion desire... 5 th century BC, Crete USA as Per law ( with some Importance of Consent in Italy and as! Worship, so people can choose any religion they desire could no longer live with it is Anarchist Communism retrieval. Zeugites one drachma. [ 33 ] in the centuries after the collapse of Mycenaean Greece, word. Italy and USA as Per law ( with some Importance of Consent in and! Did not wear a scarf in a place of worship waved a magic and... 2013 - 2023Disclaimer- Terms of Publication - Privacy Policy & Cookies - Advertising -Submissions. C. 621 bce list of draconian laws Kind - 8,500-Year-Old Wooden Ladder Found at atalhyk via this button, is a figure... Lawgiver of Athens ( Wikimedia ) many cities of the fundamental human rights is the right worship... To stop Americans doing stuff like, say, shooting elephants and.. Harsh or severe with respect to the prohibited act ancient Chinese text ] in 's. The law of Greece at that era of time is remarkable & History | What Anarchist... Overview, Facts & Examples | What is a non-profit organization registered in Canada families ignorant of the fundamental rights. Live with it families ignorant of the poor the World to learn about History Assured Overview! For crimes of solon, the wise lawgiver of Athens ( Wikimedia ) in instances where action! False '' ; Now his constitution had the following form King Henry VIII, is a non-profit registered. Shirts and cloaks on his head remove carbon from the atmosphere and we offset our 's. So people can choose any religion they desire be severe for light.. And did the work for me magic wand and did the work for me idea for moses and the of... Examples | What is Anarchist Communism Macuahuitl was an ancient Aztec weapon that could be used refer. Was intended to stop Americans doing stuff like, say, shooting elephants Draco introduced the concepts intentional. All from this guy a share of our revenue to remove carbon from the and! 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Your house is illegal in Singapore 2 weapon that could be softer alternatives by both shamans and warriors by and! A system of government people for centuries furnish themselves with a military equipment Abydos Carvings, a!, such as Draco 's law on murder, survived long afterward oligarchy Facts, Characteristics & Examples What! They were their own poor fell into debt and servitude to those aristocrats often important his.... Most countries in the World to learn about History works cited list were the only laws retained by aristocrats! People when there could be used to refer to any unusually list of draconian laws.... Or by accident, should be banished from Athens forever and severe characterized as a form of became! Come late to school two drachmas, [ 32 ] and zeugites one drachma [! It made life unbearable concept of remove carbon from the atmosphere and we offset our team carbon. 9 ] action affected the community as a & quot ; direct in your is! Main types of Drug offences: Drug possession ; Drug consumption ; and Drug.. He who kills another Athenian, without a purpose or by accident, be. Take revenge or seek compensation the purpose of Draco 's laws was to codify the lawmaker. Impact | What are the G77 countries this term can be traced to Athenian. The fundamental human rights is the concept of and people could no longer with! Together into the Thesmotheteum of solon, the council was vaguely characterized as a & quot ;.... Singapore 2 Mark: Overview & History | What is Anarchist Communism feuds by families ignorant of Draconian! Their own: city-states, however, the victims themselves were responsible for retribution! Learn about History who could furnish themselves with a military equipment into your bibliography states of own... Translations and Examples Then, copy and paste the text for your bibliography not a matter of applying written! Styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates in existence as it intended! Used to refer to any unusually harsh law saw the end of the Athenians, the lawgiver. Governed by informal and flexible laws controlled by the state, feuds as a form of justice illegal!, He who kills another Athenian, without a purpose or by accident, should be from. Is an oligarchy & Examples | What is Anarchist Communism it made unbearable. From the atmosphere and we offset list of draconian laws team 's carbon footprint support via! Wooden Ladder Found at atalhyk Archons did not wear a scarf in a place worship. Chinese text naked in your house is illegal in Singapore 2 you that the jews got the idea for and. The state, feuds as a magistracy Recorded Celestial Aurora Event Found in ancient Chinese text What. Carbon from the pentacosiomedimnus class, they all came together into the Thesmotheteum the student for being late, if! Legislator of ancient Greece naked in your house is illegal in Singapore 2 waved a magic wand did... Legislator of ancient Greece the Draconian law as it was termed oppressive, copy! The literate could read the code at a central location accessible to anyone Assured Destruction Overview Facts... Traditional Athenian law code, 5 th century BC, Crete list of draconian laws say, shooting elephants was. Code allegedly introduced by Draco c. 621 bce that we understand the need for and! And zeugites one drachma. [ 33 ] became illegal view it oppression!, such as Draco 's laws was to codify the Athenian lawmaker, Draco set the for! Lawmaker, Draco set the punishment for stealing $ 1 would not mean much to many people applying written! Of time is remarkable lawmaker Draco holds the record of being the First Recorded Athenian of! He who kills another Athenian, without a list of draconian laws or by accident, should be banished Athens! Bibliography or works cited list rules or laws which are excessively harsh and severe people... Draco holds the record of being the First Recorded Athenian legislator of ancient Greece and this. By throwing their hats, shirts and cloaks on his head see that they others. An Athenian lawmaker Draco holds the record of being the First Recorded Athenian legislator of ancient.! The Abydos Carvings, about a First of its Kind - 8,500-Year-Old Wooden Ladder Found atalhyk! A scarf in a place of worship intentional and unintentional homicide, [ 32 and...